The Nature of Competitive Advantage - 4497 Words

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pg. 3 DEFINITIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pg. 4 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS pg. 5 STEPP Analysis CONCEPTS a. Socio-Cultural/demographic issues affecting business. b. Technological Factors c. Economic factors d. Political and legal factors e. Physical/Environmental Factors IDENTIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES OPPORTUNITIES AND THREAT pg. 7 a) A Model For Industry Analysis- Porter’s Five Forces b) Rivalry c) Threat Of Substitutes d) Buyer Power e) Supplier Power f) Barriers to Entry / Threat of Entry g) Generic Strategies To Counter The†¦show more content†¦The capacity to be used, treated, or developed for a specific purpose. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS Analyzing the industry and the competition. Another important part of the strategic business planning process is the external analysis, in other words looking at the external environment. This incorporates a STEPP profile, an industry profile and competitor profiles. In relation to the environment you need to look at what the opportunities and threats to your business are. What factors could pose a threat to your business? Where are their gaps in the market that you could fill? STEPP Analysis, part of the External Analysis in the strategic business planning process is a crucial part of starting a small business. You must know your industry. STEPP Analysis †¢ Social-Cultural/Demographic †¢ Technological †¢ Economic †¢ Political – legal †¢ Physical/Environmental You may look at the above factors and think that they are out of your control, which is most cases they are. However, if you can monitor these, you can plan how your business will react to them. With these, don’t limit yourself to your own country, start thinking globally. What we are looking to achieve is a table of potential opportunities and threats which could affect your business. | | |STEPPShow MoreRelatedCompetitive Advantage Within An Organization1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the competitive advantage concept and its challenging issues that are important for every firm to operate effectively and efficiently. This paper also outlines and discusses the theoretical of achieving sustainable competitive advantage within an organization and the viewpoint of this concept to the modern competitive environment. Competitive advantage, which has two main types: cost leadership and differentiation, helps firmsRead MoreTheory of Temporary Competitive Advantage1492 Words   |  6 PagesTheory of Temporary Competitive Advantage The concept of competitive advantage is a critical one for businesses. This is a key indicator of market visibility, short-term profitability and long-term viability. 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Key Elements Of Business Plan - 1368 Words

During the recent years, the amounts of snow tourists have expanded a lot, majority of them prefer to go to ski resorts for skiing. Ski boots is the essential equipment for every skierï ¼Å'they may feel uncomfortable due to their heavy ski boots while walking, at the same time, walking on the ground is easy to damage the sole of the ski boots. Our product, ski boot walking aids, can be fastened on the sole of ski boots quickly to enhance walk comfort and posture, and protect the expensive ski boots as well. This individual report will firstly do the brief summary of the key elements of the business plan, and then analyse and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the plan, and then analyse the pros and cons of my own contribution to the work of the group, finally, the report will summarise the main benefits that I have received from participation in the module and group business planning process. Key elements of business plan 1. Marketing plan A: Marketing research 1: The size of the market The ski boots sales amounts was 3.6 million in 2003, the figure grew to 4 million in 2006, and then fell down to 2.8 million in 2007, after that, the figure came back to 3.7 million in 2013 (HEAD, N.V. 2013). The number of identified worldwide ski resort is over 2000, at the same time, USA, Japan and France accounts for 200 for each, which owes the most percentage (Laurent, 2014). What’s more, the number of skier around the world is 115 million, and the figure seems to be growing toShow MoreRelatedDisaster Recovery Plan It 244 Week 3 Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesDisaster Recovery Plan Paper Fernando Hernandez IT244/Axia College Introduction In this assignment, I will go over the different items related to the disaster recovery plan. I will go over the purpose of the plan, explain the key elements that go into a plan, the methods of testing the plan, and why we test the plan. 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Caesar And Naopoleon Essay Example For Students

Caesar And Naopoleon Essay Bonapartes success as a military leader and conqueror can also be seen in another great leader, Julius Caesar. Both Napoleon and Caesar achieved great glory by bringing their countries out of turmoil. It was Caesar, that Napoleon modeled himself after, he wanted to be as great, if not greater than Caesar. Looking to the past, Napoleon knew what steps to take in order to achieve success Napoleon devoured books on the art of war. Volume after volume of military theory was read, analyzed and criticized. He studied the campaigns of historys most famous commanders;   Alexander the Great, Hannibal, Frederick the Great and his favorite nd most influential, Julius Caesar (Marrin 17). Julius Caesar was the strong leader for the Romans who changed the course of history of the Greco Roman world decisively and irreversibly. Caesar was able to create the Roman Empire because of his strength and his strong war strategies (Duggan 117). Julius Caesar was to become one of the greatest generals, conquering the whole of Gaul. In 58 BC, Caesar became governor and military commander of Gaul, which included modern France, Belgium, and portions of Switzerland, Holland, and Germany west of the Rhine. For the next eight years, Caesar led military campaigns involving both the Roman egions and tribes in Gaul who were often competing among themselves. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship was pivotal in Romes transition from republic to empire (Duggan 84). Caesars principles were to keep his forces united; to be vulnerable at no point, to strike speedily at critical points; to rely on moral factors, such as his reputation and the fear he inspired, as well as political means in order to insure the loyalty of his allies and the submissiveness of the conquered nations. He made use of every possible opportunity to increase his chances of victory on the battlefield and, in rder to accomplish this, he needed unity of all his troops (Duggan 117). From the time that he had first faced battle in Gaul and discovered his own military genius, Caesar was evidently fascinated and obsessed by military and imperial problems. He gave them an absolute priority over the more delicate by no less fundamental task of revising the Roman constitution. The need in the latter sphere was a solution which would introduce such elements of authoritarianism, which were necessary to check corruption and administrative weakness (Grant, Caesar 61). The story of all his battles and wars has been reserved in Caesars written account, Commentaries on the Gallic Wars, originally published in 50 B. C. For this period, Caesar is the only existent source providing first-hand descriptions of Britain. While no doubt self-serving in a political sense when written, Caesars account is nevertheless regarded as basically accurate and historically reliable (Frere 68). Caesar was appointed dictator for a year starting in 49 B. C. , for two years in 48 B. C. , for ten years in 46 B. C. and finally dictator for life in 44 B. C. Taking over as Dictator for life, enabled Caesar to gain unrestricted   power. He was ble to run a strong military and even though he was considered only a dictator he wrote laws that actually made him have the same powers as a king. The conspirators saw the problem that had arised and so they planned the murder of Caesar on the Ides of March. Caesar was killed and there was another triumvirate (government ruled by three) formed. Caesar was a strong military leader that had showed strength and courage to take over the town and he was able to form a civilization that was strong militarily and politically (Grant, Caesar 187). Minimum Wage Legislation EssayNapoleon and Caesar took their struggling nations out of turmoil andgavethem order, and for that the people loved them. Caesar put an end tothe Gallic and Civilwars that Rome was involved in, with that, he enteredinto power . Napoleon took Franceout of the French Revolution by overthrowingthe then government, the Directory. Napoleon instated a new government theConsulate and crowned himself first Consul andthree years later, Consul forlife, Caesar became all powerful when named dictator for life. Both men knewin order to be a successful leader, they had to have the full support of themilitary. Power and territory were increased, because there armies were always thebiggestand responsible for putting down any revolts that might occur. Caesar introducedpropagandaand Napoleon followed his lead. Favorable accounts were written whichprovedto give them a political edge, and the support of the people. Caesar was afriendof his people and gave many lands to his soldiers and to the poor,he built bridges, roadsand waterworks. Napoleon was also civil in the beginningof his reign, abolishingserfdom, passing laws and granting universal malesuffrage. Both men were well likeduntil they abused there powers and privileges. They fell for the same reason, too muchpower. Caesar was murdered becausehis role as dictator came to close to being a kingand Napoleon did not knowwhere to draw the line and his army eventually turned againsthim. NapoleonBonaparte was able to rise to power because of another great generalthatcame before him, Julius Caesar. Napoleon was a success because he looked tothepast, and emulated Caesar; he built up his army, conquered most of Europe,became adictator for life and eventually fell from power, because like Caesar,he did not knowwhere to draw the line. BIBLIOGRAPHYCarlyle,Thomas. The French Revolution Complete and Unabridged. New York: RandomHouse, Inc., 1837. Castelot, Andre. Napoleon. New York: Harper RowPublishers Inc., 1971. Duggan, Alfred. Julius Caesar A Great Life in Brief. New York: Borzoi Books,1996. Ellis, Peter Berrsford. Caesars Invasionof Britian. New York: New YorkUniversity Press, 1978. Frere, Sheppard. Britannia: A History of Roman Britain (3rd edition). London:Routledge ;Kegan Paul, 1987. Grab, Walter. The French Revolution The Beginning ofModern Democracy. London: Bracken Books, 1989. Grant, Michael. JuliusCaesar. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1969. Grant, Michael. Caesar. Chicago: Follett Publishing Company, 1975. Herold, J. Christopher. TheAge of Napoleon. New York: American HeritagePublishing Co., Inc., 1963. Herold,J. Christopher and Marshall B. Davidson. The Horizon Book of The AgeofNapoleon. New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., 1963. Lawford,James. Napoleon The Last Campaigns 1813-1815. New York: CrownPublishersInc., 1977. Marrin, Albert. Napoleon and The Napoleonic Wars. New York:PenguinBooks, 1991. Weidhorn, Manfred. Napoleon. New York: MacmillianPublishing Company,1986.Words/ Pages : 1,646 / 24

What is the dramatic effectiveness of Act 3 Scene 5 in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

What is the dramatic effectiveness of Act 3 Scene 5 in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet? Essay William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is a fictional play written in the region of 1594-1596. It was an adaptation of the Arthur Brookes poem, The tragical history of Romeus and Juliet which was published in 1562. The Elizabethan audience had different expectations. They were happy to go to see a story that had been changed a little and to see Shakespeares interpretation of it. Many people went to see the play because Romeo and Juliet was wrote around two historical families, the Montagues and the Capulets. Nevertheless, the storyline is fictional. Shakespeare also added in a few additional characters such as the Nurse, Mercutio, and Friar Lawrence. The language used in Elizabethan times is very different to that of todays society and Shakespeare often writes using blank verse or iambi pentameter. We will write a custom essay on What is the dramatic effectiveness of Act 3 Scene 5 in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Act 3 Scene 5 in a very dramatic scene when performed on stage or in a film. The start of the scene is slow and gains momentum as it goes on. The scene starts with frequent entrances of different characters, the constant changes of mood, the extremes of emotions expressed and the dramatic irony present all contribute to the dramatic effectiveness of this central scene. The first part of the scene is when Romeo and Juliet have to part because Romeo has been banished from Verona for the death of Tybalt. It begins quite quietly when the pair awake after consummating their marriage. Juliet is very reluctant to let Romeo go but he is sensitive and supportive of her. I will omit no opportunity That will convey my greetings, love, to thee. Meaning that he will contact her at every given time and opportunity. This part in the scene is quite relaxed compared to the sections that follow when Juliet is alone, unsupported and which she is full of emotion. The moods of the pair are contrasting in that Romeo is optimistic and Juliet is full of dread and she foresees something tragic happening, she has a premonition in which causes a sense of fear and anxiety amongst the audience of the play. O God, I have an ill-divining soul! Methinks I see thee, now thou art so low As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Unfortunately this premonition comes true as the next time she sees Romeo he is dead in a tomb. This statement that Juliet made could have a very chilling effect on the people viewing the play. Juliets premonition may also remind the audience of Romeos earlier dreaded premonition of dying at a young age. My mind misgives Some consequence yet hanging in the stars Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this nights revels and expire the term Of a despised life, closed in my breast, By some vile forfeit of untimely death. This scene therefore dramatically points forward and looks backwards to other scenes in the play. When Lady Capulet enters the scene a sudden sense of tension occurs. She bursts in rather suddenly and destroys the romantic atmosphere between Romeo and Juliet. This happens a lot during the play as parents intruded the intimate world of the lovers. As soon as we hear that Lady Capulet is coming we experience dramatic irony because we know that she is coming to announce Juliets marriage to County Paris, we feel a little nervous for Juliet as she doesnt know the news. What unaccustomed cause procures her hither? Juliet is suspicious because her mother has never been into her room before and the audience are anxiously awaiting the news to be broke to Juliet. The exchange between Juliet and Lady Capulet shows some very effective contrasts, visually, verbally and in the mood. From the warmth and love between Romeo and Juliet in the preceding lines to the cold formality between Juliet and her mother. They communicate very formally showing that the pair are not very close and address each other using phrases like My Lady Mother, Madam and Girl, Child. Between the sight of Juliet weeping with being overcome with emotion and her cold mother plotting revenge on Romeo in a deadly, vicious fashion. We will have vengeance for it, fear thou not. Then weep no more. Between the hatred which Lady Capulet expresses for Romeo and Juliets love for him. Juliet: What villain, Madam? Lady Capulet: That same villain, Romeo Juliet : Villain and he be many miles asunder. What Juliet means by this is that Romeo is far from a villain but also he is far from Verona. The meaning Juliets words have for Lady Capulet and the meaning the have for the audience differentiate. She uses word-play so that she is not disloyal to Romeo but does not lead her mother to suspect the real truth. Here is am example of this: .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 , .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .postImageUrl , .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 , .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42:hover , .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42:visited , .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42:active { border:0!important; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42:active , .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42 .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2973f1cb31042a41ee046173d367ad42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Coursework on Revenge EssayIndeed I never shall be satisfied With Romeo till I behold him-dead- Is my poor heart so for a kinsman vexed. This has two meanings, one of them being that shell never be satisfied until she hold Romeo yet she says it as if she wants him dead. Lady Capulet takes dead to follow on from the proceeding word while Juliet means for it to belong with the words that follow. The use of word-play in this way gains an ambivalent reaction from the audience, that it has a dual-reaction, which is dramatically effective. The audience is shocked by Lady Capulets cruelty, but are also amused by her daughters clever way of hiding her true feelings. This also adds dramatic irony again as we know Juliets true meaning, but Lady Capulet does not. An example of this is when she is pretending to be crying for Tybalt but really she is crying for Romeo. The next section of the scene is when Lady Capulet announces the purpose of her visit and this immediately arouses the audiences expectations as we tensely await Juliets reaction to this shocking arrangement. Irony is again present here and makes the scene very effective here. As Lady Capulet refers to her joyful news and ironically also Juliets first reaction is a pleasing one, And joy comes well in such a needy time. The announcement is made highly dramatic by delaying the crucial words Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride The intensity of Juliets angry reaction would be the cause of great drama on the stage and when being performed as it is the first confrontation Juliet has had with her family, Now by Saint Peters church and Peter too He shall not make me there joyful bride! She is extremely indignant, Here are news indeed! And very determined, I will not marry yet The audience of course knows of her situation and this would make them feel highly sympathetic to Juliet. Lord Capulet arrives on the scene he makes it become one of the most dramatic parts of the whole scene as it is the most violent and furious. A number of factors make it dramatically effective: He arrives in a frightening and threatening mood and Lady Capulets fear warns us of whet to expect, Here comes your father. Tell him yourself And see how he will take it at your hands. In other words see how he will have a bad reaction to this news. He is obviously a domestic tyrant who rules by force and frightening people to get his own way and his huge ego is emphasised by the way he regards himself as royalty. He talks in the third person and is formal and above his status. He is also pompous and arrogant. Have you delivered to her our decree? His highly effective on stage as he bustles in full of good humour, congratulating himself on his plan for Juliet and causing a great stir as he takes control of the situation and becomes the most important. It id visually effective as he is the only male on the stage and he enjoys being in control and making the women feel scared. What Lady Capulet says next is overdramatic and shell regret ever saying it. I would the fool were married to her grave She says she wishes Juliet to be dead and it is very shocking in its cruelty and also ironic as Juliet is to die very shortly. The way Lord Capulet speaks would be dramatically effect when performed. He uses a lot of short, sharp questions which creates a sense of furious bewilderment. How? Will she none? Doth she not give us thanks? The disjointed sentence structure created tension and suggests that his anger is mounting violently. There is a great deal of effective variety in his language. Sometimes he uses a single image and works it out in am elaborate and pompous way, for example, In one little body Thou counterfeits a bark, a sea, a wind. He is saying that one young girl is causing many problems, like a storm at sea with one little boat in trouble. Some times he speaks very cruelly as he loses control of his temper, .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 , .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .postImageUrl , .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 , .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2:hover , .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2:visited , .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2:active { border:0!important; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2:active , .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2 .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87427849b3e03da5b9d668a5497248e2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Morrison's novel Beloved EssayThank me no thanks, nor proud me no prouds Meaning dont you dear give me any thanks and he is also trying to silence her. He has a wide range of abusive phrases for his only daughter and child: Mistress Minion, you greensickness carrion (she is weak and has no strength of character to do what she is told), young baggage, hilding (she is a worthless problem). His anger amounts and becomes frightening. As well as verbal abuse he also threatens Juliet with actual physical violence which is both dramatic and shocking, My fingers itch. He wants to hit her. Even Lady Capulet finds this fury too much at this stage and tries to intervene but he doesnt listen to her. The Nurse however adds humour when she intervenes on Juliets behalf. Lord Capulet uses sarcasm and a range of amusing and chauvinistic terms to call her, i.e. my Lady Wisdom and you mumbling fool. This acts as relief before his final speech. Lord Capulet makes a very dramatic exit, as he did for his entrance, after a speech of extreme and out of control emotion. A stream of abuse builds up one after another resulting in a final treat made all the more effective by the use of monosyllables and short words, And you be mine, Ill give you to my friend And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets. Capulets final words are very revealing. All this tremendous expenditure of anger amounts to is male pride and bullying. Trust tot. Bethinks you Ill not be foreworn. He is saying, listen to me, trust me, I wont change my mind. The audience is disgusted by his final words and we feel nothing but hatred for him as he is petty and ridiculous. The penultimate part of the scene is now, by means of contrast and relief, a brief and quite exchange between Juliet and her mother. Juliet is very moving as she begs her mother, O sweet mother, cast me not away. Saying to her, dont desert me mother. But Lady Capulet also rejects her only child yet in a different way, she is cold and unnatural rather than angry. She keeps her anger in by saying, Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. As an audience this is shocking and our hearts go out to Juliet as we know her situation and we feel hatred for her mother. The final episode in the scene concerns the Nurse to whom Juliet turns to, to seek advice in her extreme distress. We hope, as the audience, that the Nurse will provide a solution. However, the Nurse disappoints Juliet and the audience by her in moral suggestion. Then since the case so stands as now it doth I think it best you married with the county. She thinks that she should marry County Paris. This makes us feel pity for Juliet as she seems a victim of Fate, but we admire her for her loyalty to Romeo. Her indignation for the Nurse is very dramatically effective, as she despises her for her bad and offending advice and her hypocrisy to Romeo. Ancient damnation! O most wicked fiend! She is evil to suggest that and this extreme language is very vivid. Juliets romanticism contrasts effectively with the Nurses critical and practical advice. Juliet seems to mature at the end of this scene and this makes for very effective drama. She acts with detachment from the Nurse, who has shattered her illusions, Well thou hast comforted me marvellous much She says this with sarcasm and although we feel great pity for her in her isolation we also admire her for her courage and dignity, .Go, counsellor! Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain. Meaning, youve give me advice but from now on my heart and your advice will be apart. In conclusion in this highly dramatic scene we see Juliet abandoned by those who claim to love her and who she is suppose to be able to turn to for help and advice and look to for support, love and wisdom. The major contrast in this scene full of contrasts is between Youth and Age. Sadly Age does not emerge at all well from the episode, showing itself unreasonable, proud, unloving, unnatural and cynical. Youth on the other hand shows itself spontaneous but loving, loyal and principled. Juliet refuses to deny her real love for Romeo. Therefore the dramatic effectiveness of the scene shows the constant changes in mood and extreme emotions.

Be Truthful or Else----Essay on The Odyssey and Medea compared and contrasted.

Be Truthful or ElseEssay on The Odyssey and Medea compared and contrasted. Truth is an extremely important quality in all human beings. Being truthful vital whether you are a noble, or whether you are a beggar on a street corner. It is essential to be honest because honesty and truthfulness show a lot about ones character, and show a person's true colors. Odysseus and Jason, two main characters in Greek Mythology portray many differences facing trust, and portray two different views on how to be trustful and how not to be. Odysseus is trustful throughout the Odyssey, but lies when he must to help others, whereas Jason is nothing but a sneaky, deceitful liar who in the process hurts his wife and brings horror upon himself. Throughout the Odyssey, written by Homer, and Medea, written by Euripides, we will truly see Odysseus' and Jason's true colors.In "The Odyssey", Odysseus is truthful to his family and friends. Although Odysseus is truthful, there are many instances where Odysseus does indeed lie, but does so for the right reasons.ODYSSEUS karnavires 66I be lieve is ok to lie, when you are helping friends and family in the process. Not all lies are harmful, but it is not ok to hurt others in the process. Odysseus lies to his enemies so that he can keep his identity a secret. Odysseus being powerful, handsome, and a great lover is envied by many people, and has to lie to keep himself out of harms way. Odysseus lies for the right reason when he meets the Kyklops; "'Kyklops, you ask my honorable name? Remember the gift you promised me, and I shall tell you. My name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends, everyone calls me Nohbdy'" (Homer, Book IX, ll. 380-384). In this quote, Odysseus does indeed lie to the Kyklops, but does it to protect...

Edgar Degas essays

Edgar Degas essays Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas was born on July 19, 1834, at 8 rue Saint-George's in Paris. His father, Auguste, a banker, was French, and his mother, Clestine, an American from New Orleans. The family name "Degas" had been changed to "De Gas" by some family members in Naples and France in order to sound more aristocratic; the preposition indicated a name derived from land holdings. Degas went back to using the original spelling sometime after 1870, and that is how we spell his name today. He was destined for a law career, but instead entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he studies with Louis Lamothe. There he became a painter and sculptor. Degas was associated with the Impressionists, taking an active part in there firsts exhibitions, but his individual choice of subject matter, handling of composition, and emphasis of drawing distinguished his works from theirs. He worked with a number of media: oil, pastel, lithography, engraving, and sculpture. From the mid-1850s through the mid-1870s Degas explored many types of subject matter. He copied works by earlier artists and executed his own history paintings, portraits, and scenes of daily life. Degas eventually ended his efforts at history painting and devoted more attention to portraiture, turning images of relatives and friends into complex psychological studies. His oils and pastels depict the inhabitants of the world of sports, business, ballet, and the cafes in their self-conscious posturing and characteristic gestures. He has numerous paintings of jockeys, dancers, laundresses and prostitutes. Another favorite subject was a model at her bath. Degas' observation of movement resulted in the radical compositions that preserved the character of his subjects. As Degas' subject matter became more contemporary, so did his artistic style. Early on, Degas presents people as individuals, whereas works from the mid-1870s on categorize women in particular ...

Reason for Migration of Vietnamase and Chinese to Cabramata Term Paper

Reason for Migration of Vietnamase and Chinese to Cabramata - Term Paper Example The Vietnamese came in large numbers from 1975 after the fall of Saigon when communist forces began to settle down in Cabramatta. Many were fleeing the communist forces that were killing large number of people while many wanted a new life (HSC, 2013). The migrants settled down in the city and while they assimilated with others, the people had their own culture, food and religious habits and many structures were built that present a cultural diversity (Carruthers, 2008). Ethnic residential concentrations display all the basic features related to a territory. They provide a source of identity, they are characterized by substantial degree of exclusiveness and they act to compartmentalize activity spatially (Boal, 1989, p. 50). When ethnic groups migrate, spatial outcomes become important. Ethnic groups can be racial, religious or national in origin and it has its initiation through in-migration. Issues related to homogeneity and social stratification become important. This pattern is seen even in the ethnic Jew regions of Winnipeg, USA (Course Notes 2, p. 56). It is clear that the Vietnamese communities in Sydney do not have a wish to isolate themselves from the wider community by setting up their own inclusive sub-societies or enclaves (Dunn, 1993, p. 234). Positive points of ethnic residential concentration: The world is expanding and many cities of Europe, USA, Asia, New Zealand and Australia have suburbs where people from different ethnic origins settle down. Many positive impacts are observed and these include cross-cultural activities, commercial vibrancy where food and artifacts from different regions are available and these zones become focal points of ethnic-specific institutions. As an example, Cabramatta is considered as a 'slice of Asia' and is now promoted as a tourist spot. Both migrant and Australian White businesses gain from the tourism. Employment opportunities, property prices and taxes for the local municipal corporations grow.

Health Sciences and Medicine Chapter Questions (Planning Your Needs Essay

Health Sciences and Medicine Chapter Questions (Planning Your Needs Assessment; Logic models; SMART objectives) - Essay Example The personal and social backgrounds of the mentally ill patients are a lack of belonging that is characterized on both a physical and psychological aspect. The homeless people are mostly poor people who may not afford the cost of housing. They end up obtaining mental illnesses that are associated with a high level of substance abuse and poor health. Substance abuse has been a major cause of mental illness in the homeless people because they consume it without control and to cope with their situation. Some of the homeless people have families but they are unable to live with them because of social neglecting. They end up in the streets in order to survive the harsh family neglecting. Their psychological service needs include social acceptance and psychiatric support. Most of these mentally ill homeless people do not access sufficient support in managing their problem. This arises from the lack of money and adherence to the schedules. They also suffer neglect due to the frequent stigma tization and improper judgment of other people.

History, strength of provisional government Essay Example for Free

History, strength of provisional government Essay How far was the provisional government responsible for its own downfall? During the brief period of rule by The Provisional Government, Russia was troubled by several domestic issues that the provisional Government failed to sufficiently deal with when eventually led to their down fall in 1917. Their failure to fulfil the needs of the peasants, which was a big domestic issue, was a factor that led to their loss of support and in addition their failure to suppress the opposition led to their downfall. The instantaneous cause for their collapse was the fierce take over from the Bolsheviks led by Lenin. However the main factors that led to their downfall was their decision to continue in the war because it has worsened the issues that The Provisional Government failed to tackle which then led to loss of support from the bulk of the population and more importantly the army which they relied upon to defend The Provisional Government such as the July Days. In addition their decision to delay the elections gave the Bolsheviks a chance to take power. As a result, Lenin and the Bolsheviks were able to increase their support rapidly and take over so therefore The Provisional Government can be largely held responsible for their own downfall. Russia’s continuation in the war after the abdication of the tsar was the main reason for the down fall of The Provisional Government because it increased the issues that Russia faced already which worsened their respect and support as it was their decision to do so. As a result of this, they lost support of the army because they were losing in the war as they lost territory, soldiers and unprepared to go to battle. This decreased the soldier’s moral which eventually led to the breakdown of military discipline. This eventually led to radical parties having an increase of support because they were against the continuation of the war such as the Bolsheviks because they promised to end Russia’s involvement in the war. In addition, the continuation of the war meant that the issue of food shortages caused unrest amongst the population towards The Provisional Government. The Provisional Government also had little control over the countryside and also lacked the ability to impose their authority in its outside cities and towns. As a result the peasants took action which therefore undermined The  Provisional Governments authority. Many peasants took land from landowner’s whilst some engaged in violence. The Provisional Government was losing its authority in parts of Russia. The main reason for the lack of control was because The provisional Government lacked in legitimacy and due to this the public turned away and went to more radical parties such as the Bolsheviks. The peasants turned to the Bolsheviks because in the April Thesis, Lenin promised to address the land issue which The Provisional Government failed to do. And due to his, The Provisional Government support decreased and Bolsheviks support increased. The authority of The Provisional Government significantly weakened in June when they launched an attack on the Austro-Hungarian army. This was a utter failure and led to the breakdown of the Russian army. The soldiers leaving the front lines met and formed an Anti-Government rally in which they demanded all political power should be handed to the soviets. Furthermore other troops formed a Provisional Revolutionary Committee to campaign against the government. In addition only the government can be blamed for the events of the â€Å"July Days† because it was them who’s idea it was of the June offensive and therefore as a result, the July Days. By August 1917 Russia seemed on the verge of chaos because peasants were seizing land, industrial production was failing and soldiers were rebelling. Although the Provisional Government had survived, the demonstrations of the July Days brought a fatal blow to the position of The Provisional Government. Kornilov had feared a â€Å"coup d’à ©tat† and released imprisoned Bolsheviks and armed them to help the government. This was a blow as Bolsheviks membership increased and now they were given weapons, they did not give them back. The Kornilov Affair made the Bolsheviks look like the â€Å"defenders of Petrograd† so their numbers increased. As a result of The Provisional Government continuing in the war, opposition towards them grew. They also failed to suppress the opposition which led to opposition (Bolshevik) increase support. The Provisional Government also failed to meet the demands of the public so therefore making them turn to more extreme parties. The Bolsheviks were the biggest threat to the government because of their popularity, aims, guidance and methods. Overall, although The provisional Government had face many problems, it was the Bolsheviks that caused the eventual downfall of the government. It is not wholly The Provisional Governments fault for their own downfall because some of the problems they had inherited and as soon as they came into power they were already un-liked despite them playing a major part in it. The country side was already in chaos so that was not their fault and the April Thesis, Lenin’s speech, they could not be held responsible for that either. On the other hand, The Kornilov Affair, The June Offensive and the domestic issues were their fault as they did not address the issue leading to the radicalisation of the public. The Provisional Government did have a huge part to play in their own downfall because of their decision t continue in the war which enhanced/intensified the present issues.

The Importance of Parents and Sexual Education

The Importance of Parents and Sexual Education Where do babies come from? This is just one question that children ask their parents as they start to wonder about sex and in return hope to find out the answer. Unfortunately, however, not all parents want to answer that question or any sex related question for that matter, or even know how to. Many parents today do indeed want to contribute to their childrens knowledge of sex. However, even though parents, who are comfortable with their own sexuality, dont always know of the best way to approach the topic with their children or even know how talk to them about it (Crooks, Baur, 2011). Research shows that positive communication between parents and their children can help young people establish individual values and make healthy decisions (Parents Sex Ed Center, 2010). It is important for adults of school age children to maintain an open relationship with their children in order to provide the ability for them to feel comfortable enough to talk with you about whatever they may ask. Teaching sex to your own children can be a task they may make you feel uncomfortable and something that you may find difficult to do. However, by being honest at an early age can allow for honesty and open communication as your children grow (Parents Sex Ed Center, 2010). As children grow, a process begins that a parent can follow in order to develop a wholesome sexual education relationship with their child. Whether its starting off answering questions such as, where do babies come from, or talking about being sexually active and how to practice safe sex, it is important to be able to talk to your children about this topic and feeling comfortable enough to do so. Starting at an early age, usually by around age four, many children will ask where they came from, how babies are made, or by asking the names of their own sex organs (self-discovery). Many parents may just put off these types of questions in hopes that their child will forget about it and the parent feels a sense of relief in not having to answer. Instead, the parent is making a mistake in not answering and thus unknowingly creating a communication block (Crooks, Baur 2011). When young children ask these types of questions, they arent expecting a complete anatomy lesson, but they are looking for some answer. In this case, be honest with them. Use proper names, and perhaps briefly discuss the basics of sexual intercourse (Crooks, Baur 2011). It is important to make sure that after answering your childs question that not only do they understand but also to make sure they are aware that it is okay to ask questions and that they can come to you and ask for more information whenever theyd like (Crooks, Baur 2011). Along the way, it is important to teach your children manners, as in we dont touch ourselves in public and we dont touch other peoples bodies. It is also good to teach appropriateness and privacy. If by age five or six your child has not started to ask questions, you need to initiate the conversation (Crooks, Baur 2011). By the pre-teen years, physical changes are going to occur. At this point it is important to talk to your child about the changes that will occur and what they can expect. While this is taught in school, it is good to let your child know that you are there for them, it is not something for them to be embarrassed about, and that what they are experiencing is all a part of growing up and that they are not the only one. Even though children may not have experienced these changes yet, such as menstruation and ejaculation, it is important for them to be aware of it before it happens so as not to worry them (Crooks, Baur 2011). The teen and young adult age is the hardest for parents to talk about with their children. No matter how much a parent may want to shelter their children, it is vital to understand that your growing child is going to experience sexual feelings. Teens find it difficult it talk with their parents about sex because of embarrassment, the fact that their parents may not understand them or the belief that their parents will assume they are already sexually active. Parents must remember that a lot of information that children receive on sex is from friends and the media. For this reason, a parent must know that the less information they give, the more misinformation their child is going to acquire. Some parents worry that by providing sex education to their children they are condoning certain behaviors. However, according to Avert.org, one study showed that in a review of 48 studies of sex and STD education programs, such programs either did not increase sexual activity and in some cases actually showed a decrease with an increase in condom use or other contraceptives (Sex Education that, 2010). In April of 2002, Seventeen Magazine and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation conducted a survey. This survey was given to 15 to17-year olds in the United States about sexual health communication between themselves and their parents. Results showed that little over a half had discussed with their parents how to know when they were ready to have sex, 43% of teens discussed with their parents how to talk to a significant other about sexual issues, 52% of teens discussed condoms with their parents and 49% discussed other forms of contraception (Teens and Sexual Health, 2002). Another study of 14 to 17-year olds shows that parents who talk to their children about the use of condoms before first sexual intercourse, had actually increased the likelihood that adolescents would used protection whereas talking about condom use after first sexual intercourse did not (Parents Sex Ed Center, 2010). A few important things to remember when talking to your teen: 1) Always remember how you felt and that you once experienced what they are now going through. 2) While conversing with your teen, remain respectful share your feelings and thoughts but also listen to theirs. 3) Dont jump to conclusions. Just because they are coming to talk to you or ask a question, does not mean that they are sexually active 4) Dont underestimate your teen. A parent should know their child well enough to know that they have their own values, beliefs, and are able to make responsible, mature decisions when they have proper information to go along with it (Parents Sex Ed Center, 2010). Before parents can be comfortable talking with their children about sex, they must be comfortable with themselves and with one another. It is necessary for parents to become in touch with their own feelings and develop sensitivity to their own sexual feelings. Parents who are not comfortable with talking to one another about sex, surely wont be comfortable with talking to their children about sex. With that said, parents should practice if they feel that may help. They have to be able to be comfortable both saying and hearing sexual words (Gordon). This is important because children are sensitive to the emotional value parents give to certain words or may pick up what their parents feel rather than what their parents say (Gordon). Most often, parents feel embarrassed to talk with their children about sex, whether their child brings it up or it is time for the parent to bring it up. It may be because they just dont want to or possibly because they dont know how. While many parents today really do want to contribute to their childrens sex education they just quite arent sure how to approach the topic. By being comfortable with yourself and letting your child know that you are able and wanting to answer sexual questions at an early age will allow them to understand that as they become older they know that you can provide accurate information and be someone that they can talk to. References Crooks, R., Baur, K. (2011). Our sexuality (11th ed.). Wadsworth. Gordon, S. (n.d.). Why sex education also belongs in the home. Education.com. Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/Ref_Why_Sex _Education/ Parents sex ed center. (2010). Advocates for youth. Retrieved May 3, 2010 from http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/index.php?option=com_content task=viewid=108Itemid=206 Sex education that works. (2010, May 1). Avert. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from http://www.avert.org/sex-education.htm Teens and sexual health communication. (2002, July). Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from http://www.kff.org/entpartnerships/upload/ Teens-and-Sexual-Health-Communication-Summary-of-Findings.pdf

Thermodynamics of the Dissolution Borax

Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Borax Lina Jawadi Objectives: * Study a system of salt and water solution. * Determining a variety of important thermodynamics quantities from the solubility information at various temperatures. Background: The salt and water solution in this experiment has relatively simple solubility equilibrium of borax in water. Na2B4O7 . 10 H2O 2Na + + B4O5(OH)42- + 8H2O This reaction is an equilibrium process and 8 water molecules from the hydrated salt are lost to the reaction medium. The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is:K = [Na+]2 [B4O5(OH)42-] [H2O]8 [Na2B4O7 . 10 H2O] In this experiment we will always make sure there is some solid borax remaining in the sample mixture before removing some of it to analyze it. Therefore, we can assume that the concentration of solid borax is constant. In addition, the water molecules which were originally part of the borax’s crystalline matrix is lost to the sample mixture; however, it doesnâ₠¬â„¢t significantly affect the concentration of the water. The equilibrium constant expression can now be simplified to become: K = [Na+]2 [B4O5(OH)42-]The first equilibrium expression and the balanced solubility equilibrium reaction allow us to express either borate ion or sodium ion in terms of the other. So, it is possible to determine the constant in terms of either ion. After substituting borax ion in place of the sodium ion, ([Na+] = 2 [B4O5(OH)42-] , K = (2 [B4O5(OH)42-] )2 * [B4O5(OH)42-] ) we get: K = 4 [B4O5(OH)42-]3 . Finding the concentration of borate ion in any sample at any given temperature gives us the solubility product at that temperature. Equipment: * 5mL pipet * Test tubes * Marker * Hot plate * 250 mL beaker * Flask Electric balance Procedure: 1. Using the pipet add 5mL of distilled water to 10 test tubes. 2. Mark the level with the marker and pour the water out. Mark the test tube with the assigned temperature. 3. Weigh 30-32g of solid sodium borate decahydrat e (borax) in a 250 mL beaker and then add 150 mL of water. 4. Place the mixture on a hot plate, but don’t allow its temperature to exceed 50oC. 5. After all the borax dissolves, add more and let the temperature reach 45oC. 6. Once it starts slightly exceeding 45oC, remove it from the hot plate and place instead a beaker filled with 150 mL of distilled water. . Continue stirring the mixture until it reaches the desired temperature. 8. Quickly pour 5 mL of the mixture in two test tube without transferring any solid borax. (record the temperature before and after the transfer. ) 9. When the water bath reaches 45oC, place the test tube in it until precipitation of borax has dissolved. 10. In a flask with 50-75 mL of water and 10 drops of bromocresol green indicator, add 125 mL of the borax solution. 11. Before titrating the borax with acid make sure that it has a blue color.Using buret filled with 50 mL oh HCl, add the acid to the borax until it reaches the endpoint, which is whe n the solution turns from a blue color to a yellow. Record the initial and final volume. (For calculations: find the moles of borax using the volume of HCl and its molarity. Then find the solubility product constant and plot the ksp vs. (1/t) graph and from it obtain the values of ? H and ? S. Make sure the temperature is in kelvin when doing the calculations. Finally, find the value of ? G using both equations and plot the ? G vs. time graph. )

Responsibility of Ethics Essay

Ethical standing among community members and business persons is held in high regard.   The matter of trust needs to be had at all times so that people know that their information is safe.   When ethical issues arise, somewhere, somehow there has to be someone who is able and willing to stand up and report the unethical issue.   All professionals are bound by ethics and the responsibility to report wrong doing. In this case, the widow’s attorney is charging the widow 12-14% more than his average percentage with respects to his other clients.   Normal everyday ethics suggest that not only is he acting in bad ethics but obviously is taking advantage of this widow.   Charlie, even if not mandated by law or administrative rule, should inform the widow.   This would be the right and respectful thing to do but is Charlie mandated by any code of ethics to act on this information and inform her is the real question. Charlie, even though he is not the person creating the ethical situation, is bound by ethical codes to inform this widow at the very least but more appropriately the governing agency, of the actions of her attorney.  Ã‚   As stated in the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct for CPA’s â€Å"members should act with integrity, guided by the precept that when members fulfill their responsibility to the public, clients’ and employers’ interests are best served.† (ET Section 53 – Article II—The Public Interest, ET Section 52 – Article I—Responsibilities, ET Section 54 – Article III—Integrity &    ET Section 56 – Article V—Due Care of the AICPA). The biggest ethical issue is honesty, integrity and the personal gain issues.   The attorney stands to gain a substantial amount of money, well more than what he should for his services.   The code of ethics for attorney’s alone is violated is drastic ways.   Some states have statutes on how an attorney charges their client and some rely of good ethical behavior but this aside, attorneys are to charge only what is fair and consistent with how they charge everyone else. This attorney is violating a huge public interest and the widow can file a complaint and the attorney stands to lose his liscense to practice law.   Charlie can also intervene and simply make a phone call to the governing agency as this particular information that he knows, is not bound by the confidentiality laws as this information was derived not by the widows words but by the admittance of the attorney in which there is no confidentiality as there is no client issue due to the fact that Charlie is not asking for advice and the lawyer is not giving it. Works Cited AICPA Code of Professional Conduct.   2006-2008.   http://www.aicpa.org/About/code/sec50.htm New Jersey Judiciary. Office of Attorney Ethics. 2001 http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/oae/OAEEthicsPamphlet.pdf

Super Bowl Flyovers - Cost to Taxpayers

Super Bowl Flyovers - Cost to Taxpayers Its a longstanding tradition for the U.S. Air Force  or U.S. Navy to perform a flyover before every Super Bowl, but how much does such a thing cost American taxpayers? In 2015, the Super Bowl flyover will cost about $1.25 for every one of the 63,000 football fans in attendance at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Phoenix, Arizona, on Sunday, Feb. 1. Put another way: The Super Bowl flyover costs taxpayers about $80,000 in gas and other operational costs. There is a minimal expense involved with the flyover,  Rear Admiral John Kirby,  the Pentagon press secretary and spokesman for the  secretary  of Defense,  said days before the 2015 NFL championship game between  the New England Patriots and the  Seattle Seahawks. I think the whole thing, soup to nuts for the flyover, will cost something in the neighborhood of $80,000. Why the Military Performs Flyovers The Department of Defense says the Air Force flyovers are a form of public relations and are conducted at  Ã¢â‚¬Å"events of national prominence.† Its not an exorbitant cost, and I would, you know, obviously remind you that we stand to gain the benefit, Kirby said. And theres an exposure benefit from having the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds fly over, a well-known, famous team, and that certainly helps us in terms of keeping our exposure out there for the American people. Added Kirby: I think theyre very popular, these flyovers. The Defense department receives more than 1,000 requests for flyovers at sporting events every year. The Thunderbirds and other teams accept many of them, including for NASCAR races and important baseball games. The U.S. Navys Blue Angels have done some of the Super Bowl flyovers, as well, including one in 2008 over a domed stadium. No one inside saw the flyover, though television viewers did for about 4 seconds.   For the publicity aspect of it, Id say its definitely well worth it when you consider the cost to advertise during the Super Bowl. The more people see our blue jets and recognize the Navy, the better it is for us,  Blue Angels press officer Capt. Tyson Dunkelberger told The Lost  Angeles Times in 2008. Debate Over Super Bowl Flyovers Some critics call the Super Bowl flyover a waste of taxpayer money. Washington Post columnist Sally Jenkins, writing about the 2011 Super Bowl flyover at Cowboys Stadium in Dallas, said: For absurdity, how about those four Navy F-18s flying over the stadium - with its retractable roof closed? Everybody inside could only see the planes on the stadiums video screens. It was strictly a two-second beauty shot. Know what it cost taxpayers? Ill tell you: $450,000. (The Navy justifies the expense by saying its good for recruiting.) Others have questions why the government is spending  millions of dollars every year on  the flyovers at the same time sequestration has slashed its budgets. Related Story: What is Sequestration? If any portion of the defense department budget is going to be slashed, the act of flying planes over a crowded stadium would be the one to get rid of, wrote Mike Florio of NBC Sports. ... As a recruiting tool its value is questionable.

Homeless essays

Homeless essays Being homeless means having no where to turn to, no shelter of your own, completely living on the streets. Homelessness is a shock to many, because it depicts someone just like us in our own society lacking the necessities we take for granted. These people who we often stereotype as bums, crack heads, losers and bagladies face the darkness we all fear. But truly, who are we to judge people? They too are humans, but are just not as fortunate as others may be.In North America, homelessness is a result of lower income individuals being unable to afford housing and other necessities to sustain a decent life. Homelessness is caused by several factors, some being divorce, drugs involvement, loss of job or just simply being unable to afford shelter. ( Cohen, page 75). Divorce, which took its toll on the United States during the 1970s , leading up to 1980s where over a half of marriages ended up in divorce.( Landau,page 24) With a lot of families being separated, and one income being stretched to provide for a family it creates financial hardships. Women were now forced to bear an unclear burden. The burden of feeling depressed, taking care of her children with no physical home, and the fear of their children are taken away from her. Drugs are a horrific contributing factor of homelessness on its own. It did not only leave that single mother high and hopeless but even that confused nine year old girl.(Landau, page 71).Homelessness affects everyone in a family especially the children because they are lacking a stable environment. Many are either on the streets with their families or are locked out of their homes. (Landau, page 74). Its not only that nine year old girl that is left alone, hungry, cold and terrified. Many teenage boys face this horrible dilemma. With no positive guidance, these young people are left to face the ugliness of the...

What forms did african nationalism take down to the 1960's Essay

What forms did african nationalism take down to the 1960's - Essay Example Other examples include The West African National Congress which was formed in 1920 and the WAFD Party of Egypt formed to remove the indirect rule of the British in Egypt. One of the factors that led to the rise of African nationalism was the rise of superpower nations such as The United State of America and the Soviet Union who were against colonialism since they had different Ideologies. For example, the US was capitalist while the Soviet Union wanted to spread communism, which in turn lead to colonialists such as the British and French withdrawing from African countries. The colonial rulers had also taken a big share of African resources such as land and were encroaching in large numbers and displacing Africans to unproductive land, which encouraged the Africans to form movements to oppose such kinds of oppression. Additionally, the United Nations also discouraged colonial rule, hence it came with the idea that the countries under colonial rule should be decolonized and left to rul e themselves (Okoth 2006). The African National Congress The formation of The African National Congress started in 1912 and was referred to as South Africa’s National Liberation Movement but in the year 1923 was renamed to The African National Congress (Mckenna 2011). ... The ANC’s other main aim was to fight for South Africans’ socio-cultural and economic issues so as to encourage Africans and save them from becoming poor. This was due to the fact that the colonialist had taken away most of their resources such as fertile land. The ANC went through different stages to liberate the South Africans from the colonial rulers. Mckenna (2011) shows that the party was destabilized in the year 1920 due to disagreements with communist members who wanted to join them. The party lost its activeness between the year 1930 and 1940, but become active again in the year 1940 after members like Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu reformed the party so as to fight against apartheid which was seen as the biggest form of oppression to the South Africans. The reformers were also known as the ANC Youth League due to the fact that most of the leaders who reformed the party in 1940 were young (Mckenna 2011). Strikes were organized in 1946 by gold min ers who were protesting against the hardships they were going through, which they saw that the colonies were the main contributor. For example they had to protest against the Witwatersrand bus company who contributed to their hardships by raising transport fare. The movement, ANC, went on with the fight against the segregation with the use of other forms of fight like protests and strikes. In the year 1952, they encouraged strikes and protests though they never engaged the government which was in power by then. This made the party popular and encouraged many Black people to join them. In the year 1955, the leaders of the ANC and the communist congress were arrested and put on trial after they demanded for the rights of Black people and

What are the main features of Charismatic Leadership Essay

What are the main features of Charismatic Leadership - Essay Example They manifest such powers that are thought to rise above the rational and normal. They are believed to have magical or oracular qualities that are based on ability to foresee events. They emerge from ordinary population, announce themselves as saviour and people consider them valid. Leader may prove his legitimacy by demonstrating his extraordinary experience, predicting future or by putting forward his unique vision, prophecy or inspiration. Such proves makes his charisma unquestionable and win devoted believers for him (Morrison 2006, p.365).Max Weber defined charismatic leadership as: â€Å"Rests on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person, and of the normative pattern or order revealed or ordained by him† (cited in Kronman 1983, p.47). ‘There is authority of the extraordinary and personal gift of grace (charisma), the absolutely personal devotion and personal confidence in revelation, heroism, or other qualities of individual leadership. This is ‘charismatic’ domination, as exercised by the prophet or-in the field of politics-by the elected war lord, the plebiscitarian ruler, the great demagogue, or the political party leader’(cited in Gerth, Mills & Turner 1991, p.79). ‘There are, however, some characteristics that make an NRM more visible and, thereby, significant as an NRM. One may find, for example, the first generation enthusiasms, the unambiguous clarity and certainty in the belief system, the urgency of the message, the commitment of life-style, perhaps a charismatic leadership, and, possibly strong Them/Us and/or Before/After distinctions-all of which are, of course, liable to undergo significant change within a single generation’. Charismatic leaders have the capability to create social revolutions. They become change agents as they confront and transform traditionally accepted ideas and beliefs, they

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example Basing the argument of first mover and late mover’s theories, this paper issues the careful presentation on the move to be implemented by the company to achieve progress, according to the designated task. Introduction The prevalence of the ideology of product management and company establishment is influenced by the decision of management to implement a marketing strategy. The strategy implemented should be developed after careful study of the economy and market structure to discern positive ventures. The task has been assigned as a member of the company that seeks to expand ideologies and strategies within the market, to base decisions on effective study of the market economy. The option issued has been in the entrance to the market as a new product or advancing on the available strategies in the product behaviour within the market. The two theories in first movers and late movers are the determining factors of the market behaviour as each hold varied arguments on the need to implement a desirable strategy (Frawley & Fahy, 2006). However, with the lack of intense knowledge on company business and reaction of management to the alternatives presented, both theories should be expounded on and critical analysis discussed. Both the first mover and late mover theory hold adverse benefits and setbacks, and with the careful analysis of both presentations, better choice is accorded to the company to advance in its marketing strategies. Comparison of the two theories Timing has been considered a vital entity in the quest to establish policies and products within a market. Companies need to acknowledge the need to enter at an early stage within the market or late periods to maximize on the aspect of profit articulation. Market entry has been proved as a measure that determines the rate of prevalence of the policies implemented by a selected company. The behavioural pattern of market entry has been presented to advance in the two formulated theories that are constr ucted from the action taken by a firm to establish structures within a region. Bresser (1998) suggest that the first movers and late movers’ theories have been developed to indicate the behavioural pattern of companies within a market (Frawley & Fahy, 2006). First movers gain the upper hand within the market with the early timing of entrance within the market when the product has not been launched before in the region. The period offers minimal competition, and maximization of profit realized with positive reaction from consumers. Late movers, on the other hand, may gain advantage through implementing strategies that the first mover had applied to advance on the presentations and gain the lead within the market. These aspects have been the variations of the two theories and a careful analysis of both theories may witness the paramount effects. First movers Advantages Firstly, the measure offers leadership and progress through advanced technology in the market, preemption of t he available products, dictatorship of prices with an uninformed buyers trend. After inventing a technological progress, the advantage presented is included in attaining patents and legal ownership of products and services to retain confidentiality of their operational activities. The theory also offers access to product and services before any other company. The location of establishment may offer opportunities in

The rate of photosynthesis in the elodea Essay Example for Free

The rate of photosynthesis in the elodea Essay Put the boiling tube in a beaker surrounded by ice. Ensure the thermometer is standing upright in the beaker.   Note the initial temperature and maintain this throughout the experiment, either by means of adding or reducing the ice content.   Place the electric bench lamp towards the elodea specimen   Allow the elodea specimen to settle for five minutes or so.   On the fifth minute start timing for a further five minutes and count the amount of bubbles observed. Note: The same procedure must be carried out for the other two experiments, only altering the content outside the boiling tube. In order to keep the water temperature at 45o C, it is advised that cool water or some heated water (from the kettle) is added depending on the temperature observed. Prediction: I predict that when the elodea specimen is placed in ice, a few (one or two) oxygen bubbles will be observed, therefore photosynthesis will be limited. When the elodea specimen is placed in water at 45o C, more bubbles will be seen and hence the rate of photosynthesis will increase At room temperature, some bubbles will be seen but much less compared to the 45o C investigation, since the temperature is in between. Results: Ice: Time (minutes). Number of bubbles observed 1 1 2 1 3 3 4 0 5 0 Total: 5 Water maintained at 45o C: Time (minutes) Number of bubbles observed 1 3 2 10 3 12 4 3 5 1 Total: 29 Water at room temperature (tap water): Time (minutes) Number of bubbles observed 1 0 2 2 3 3 4 3 5 3 Total: 11 Discussion: From looking at my results, it appears to be that my prediction is reasonably accurate. As mentioned in my prediction, a few bubbles were observed when the elodea was placed in ice. This is because the cells within the elodea specimen eventually die. This can be explained by the concept of enzymes, which operate best at optimum temperatures. Placing the elodea in a cold environment, such as ice means that the temperature is extremely below the optimum. This inevitable leads to enzyme denaturation and only some bubbles are seen during the first two minutes prior to the denaturation. Consequently, there is some photosynthesis taking place. When the elodea cell is placed in water which is maintained at 45o C, the number of bubbles sighted increase rapidly (particularly in the second and third minutes). Notice for the fourth and the fifth minutes, the number of bubbles observed start to decline. This may well be to the fact that the temperature was not controlled as intended, and possibly exceeded 45o C, thus causing the enzyme to denature. Hence a decrease in photosynthesis is observed. When the elodea specimen is placed in water at room temperature, the number of bubbles observed are more or less the same. This is because the temperature of the water is fairly below the optimum, (which is believed to be 45o C) and therefore the rate of photosynthesis is limited. Evaluation: Despite the results fairly matching the prediction, the method used is rather unreliable. More repeats (i.e. three repeats) could have been put into practice as this would have allowed me to calculate an average and hence raising the reliability of the results. The temperature range is rather limited and so the results would have been more accurate by employing a variety of temperatures. This would have allowed me to pin-point exactly the optimum temperature of the enzyme, which is involved in photolysis. Looking at the results above, there was an incidence where the temperature was not properly controlled (the ice investigation in which 3 bubbles were noted in the third minute). I believe using a water bath would have allowed me to maintain the temperatures more precisely and save time as oppose to using a kettle. I recall whilst doing the experiment that the elodea specimen was placed somewhat close to the window. Light from the sun could have also played an important part of distorting the results because an increase in light intensity also contributes to an increase rate in photosynthesis. Therefore if this experiment is to be carried out again, it would be ideal to make use of the window blinds. Not forgetting to mention that the distance between the bench lamp and the elodea specimen was not fixed, and was varied during each investigation. This might have caused a slight degree of anomaly in the results. Having acknowledged this inconsistency has made me aware of what is required in the actual investigation. It can be argued that counting the number of bubbles can be deceiving and therefore another method should be put into consideration. An alternative way of doing the same experiment more accurately can be achieved by using a photosynthometer. A freshly cut strand of the plant is suspended upside down in a boiling tube. The healthy strand of elodea produces bubbles of oxygen gas when brightly illuminated (i. e. with a bench lamp 10 cm away from the elodea specimen) at different temperatures. The bubbles emerge from the cut end of the stem and are collected in a bulb at the base of the apparatus. From here, the oxygen gas can be drawn into the capillary tube by means of the syringe. The volume of oxygen gas collected in five minutes gives a direct measurement of the rate photosynthesis. Apparatus and Justification: Apparatus Justification of Apparatus x1 Clamp stand (with capillary tube). A lot of apparatus are involved, some of which that need to be held at a constant height above the water bath (i. e. the boiling tube with the elodea specimen). x1 Capillary tube with ruler.   Used to measure the length of the oxygen bubble(s).   Hence the volume of oxygen can be calculated. x1 Boiling tube   The use of a boiling tube is necessary as oppose to a test tube because its large enough to allow the elodea specimen to fit in with ease. x1 Elodea Canadensis specimen (10 cm long)   The elodea specimen is the basis for this investigation.   Allows the hypothesis to be tested. x1 5 ml syringe A 5 ml syringe is necessary to allow oxygen bubbles to be drawn in the capillary tube. No other apparatus can be substituted for this task. x1 30 cm Ruler   Used to measure the length of the elodea specimen, making sure that the length is constant for each investigation. To ensure a fair test. x1 Scalpel Used to cut the elodea specimen to the desired length with precision. x1 Plastic Tile   To aid in cutting the elodea specimen. To prevent any damage to the work bench. x1 Electric bench lamp with 100W filament bulb   Used to ensure a fair test as every investigation will be illuminated by a lamp at a set distance. To ensure the results are not influenced by light intensity but solely the temperature. x1 Thermometer   Used to ensure the temperature of water bath is correct, and hence to promote reliability of results. x1 Stopwatch   Used for timing the investigation for 10 minutes (five minutes for the settling of the elodea specimen and another five minutes for the investigation). x1 Beaker and ice blocks   To be used for the 0o C investigation.   To see if there is any photosynthesis evident at freezing level. Proposed Method: Diagram12: 1. Set up the clamp stand as shown above. 2. Get hold of a plastic tile and a scalpel and cut the elodea specimen at a length of 10 cm. 3. The cut end has to be inserted into the calibrated capillary tube as shown above. 4. Lower the capillary tube into the water bath, ensuring half of the boiling tube (containing the elodea specimen) is immersed in the water. 5. Place the bench lamp 10 cm away from the boiling tube. Ensure the light is directly facing the elodea specimen. 6. After setting all the apparatus up, pull the syringe on top of the capillary tube in order for the water to get into the capillary tube. This removes any air bubbles initially present in the capillary tube. 7. Place the thermometer into the water bath (or beaker in the case of the ice investigation) and turn the light on. The elodea must be allowed to settle for five minutes. 8. Time the investigation for a further five minutes by using a stopwatch. 9. On completion of the five minutes, switch the lamp off and remove the clamp stand along with the rest of the apparatus out of the water bath. 10. Pull the syringe to draw the oxygen bubbles into the capillary tube and measure the length of the bubble(s) simultaneously by making use of the ruler. 11. Note down the length of the bubble(s) on paper. 12. Repeat the same procedure three times for each temperature using the same elodea specimen. 13. Once the three trials are complete, move on to the next temperature. and carry out steps 1 -13 Ice investigation:   Get hold of the elodea specimen and place it in the boiling tube.   Put the boiling tube in a beaker surrounded by ice.   Note the initial temperature and maintain this throughout the experiment, either by means of adding or reducing the ice content.   Follow steps 5-13 above. Note: If an anomalous result is encounter during the duration of the experiment, it is advised to do that particular investigation again. Acknowledgements: 12- Diagram modified from A-Level biology Revised Edition by W D Phillips and T J Chilton, page 69. Analysis of Variables: Independent variable: The independent variable is the variable, which has to be manipulated in order to get the desired results. In this case, the independent variable is the temperature of the water baths. To obtain more accurate results, I have included temperature readings ranging from 0-65o C, in intervals of five. Three readings will be taken for each temperature and compared. Dependent variable: This is the variable which responds to the fixed conditions and which is used to test the hypothesis. In this case, the dependent variable is the volume of oxygen released by the elodea specimen. The length of the oxygen bubble(s) is going to be measured at the end of the five minute interval. This can be used to deduct the volume of oxygen produced by multiplying the length of the bubble(s) by pie, which is then multiplied by 0. 82 Fixed variables: These are variables, which have to be kept constant throughout the experiment in order to obtain accurate results. These variables cannot be manipulated at any time of the experiment. Some of the fixed variables are listed below: The light intensity (distance between the bench lamp and the elodea specimen): This can be kept constant by ensuring the elodea specimen is 10 cm away from the bench lamp. It may well be convenient reassure the distance with a ruler. The preliminary work I did have done has highlighted that 10 cm happens to be an ideal distance for sufficient photosynthesis to be followed and thus reliable results can be obtained. However if the distance between the bench lamp and elodea specimen is shorter than 10 cm, then this will have a major impact on the results. The increase in light intensity shall inevitably results in an increase in the volume of oxygen noted and thus distorting the results. Similarly if the distance is greater than 10 cm, then this decrease in light intensity shall contribute to a decrease in rate of photosynthesis and thence slowing down the rate at which the oxygen bubble(s) are released13. Therefore it is vital that this distance is kept constant throughout the experiment to ensure a fair test. * The number of leaves on the Elodea plant: The number of leaves will be kept constant throughout the whole experiment by using the same elodea specimen. The reason for keeping the same number of leaves is to ensure that the surface area provided by the leaves is the same in each investigation. Having the same number of leaves will provide the same surface area. If the number of leaves were different in each new investigation, then the number of leaves would be the independent variable. The more leaves there are the larger the surface area, and more light energy will be trapped by the leaves and a greater proportion of it will be converted into chemical energy14. Therefore more oxygen will be given off. On the other hand, a fewer amount of leaves shall results in a low yield of oxygen. In both cases, the results will be distorted if not controlled. Acknowledgements: 13- Letts Revise A2 Biology by John Parker, page 26 14- Revise A2 biology by Richard Fosbery and Jennifer Gregory; page 21 Reliability: To obtain more reliable results, three measurements would be taken in the same condition. The reason for this is that if in case, an error was made on the first attempt, the error can be amended and on the second attempt. After doing the experiment, if any of the results are anomalous then the experiment should be repeated. Results obtained can be compared to the previous results to see if there is an agreement. Light from the sun can also play an important part of distorting the results because an increase in light intensity also contributes to an increase rate in photosynthesis. Therefore it would be ideal to make use of the window blinds to promote reliability of results. Temperatures are monitored precisely by the water baths. However it is sometimes observed that the temperature of the water bath goes up or down by a degree or two. The temperature can be maintained by means of adding or removing ice to the water baths. Due to the limited number of water baths, there may well be the case of sharing a water bath to five others. This means five additional bench lamps would have an impact on my results (as light intensity increases rate of photosynthesis). The lamps may also contribute to the water baths getting hotter than required. Therefore it would be wise to carry out the investigation individually. When the apparatus are set up, the syringe (on top of the capillary tube) must be pulled to draw the water into the capillary tube. This will remove any air bubbles initially present in the capillary tube and thus leaving no ambiguity. Results: Table: showing the results I obtained during the investigation Temperature (o C) Length of Oxygen bubble (mm) Volume of Oxygen (mm) Rate of photosynthesis (mm3/min) Average rate of photosynthesis (mm3/min).

The Static Character in Homer’s Odyssey Essay -- Homer Odyssey Essays

The Static Character in Homer’s Odyssey The Odyssey, by Homer, translated by W.H.D. Rouse (between 900 and 700 BC.) is "The best story ever written" (7). This is a story about a man named Odysseus Laertiades who went off to war. After winning the war, he and his men were heading home when their ship got off track. They ended up in the land of the Cyclops. They were held captive by a god's, Poseidon Earthholder, son. Odysseus came up with a plan to get out of there which involved poking the Cyclops' eye out. The Earthholder got mad and vowed Odysseus and his men would not make it back home to Ithaca. If Odysseus was to make it home, he was to arrive "There late and in misery, in another man's ship, ' lose all his companions, and ' find tribulation at home" (111). With the help of the gods, Odysseus finally does make it home, late, alone, and on another man's ship. He arrives there to find trouble in his house. In The Odyssey, the main character, Odysseus Laertiades is a static character; he doesn't change throughout the boo k. Yet Homer still retains the readers interests by the situations Odysseus finds himself in, how he always finds a unique way out, and how he triumphs in the end. Odysseus finds himself in many strange and difficult situations. One of the strange and difficult situations Odysseus finds himself at is the land of the Cyclops. Odysseus had taken twelve of his men to explore the island. They found a cave and decide to stay there until the Cyclops who lived there returned. The Cyclops returned and "Picked up a huge great stone and placed it in the doorway," so the men couldn?t escape (104). "The cruel monster? reached out toward my men, grabbed two like a pair of puppies and dashed them on the ground?. Then h... ...ss than a day. Odysseus finally met his son Telemachos, and the both fought to kill the men who wanted to marry Odysseus' wife. "Telemachos slung on his sharp sword, and grasped his spear, and took his stand by the seat, the son armed by his father's side" (242). They killed all the men who were eating up Odysseus' wealth. Odysseus finally met his wife and father after twenty years of being away. The Odyssey, by Homer, is good even though the main character, Odysseus, is a static character. In most good books, the reason they are good is because the main character changes. Homer manages to write a good book, even though the main character doesn't change, by the situations Odysseus finds himself in, how he always finds a unique way out, and how he triumphs in the end. Works Cited Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Rouse, W.H.D.. New York: New American Library, 1937.

Managing The Human Resources Essay

INTRODUCTION: This assignment is based on a case study titled ‘Hot Work at the Aluminium Smelter in Lynmouth’, and it examines the current HRM principles being used within the organisation. The HR values that are being investigated are HRM or people management values, team effectiveness and the effect of motivation, communication and the culture in the organisation, and leadership qualities. The overall aim of this assignment is to provide appropriate business solutions that help in improving the effectiveness of the organisation, from the perspective of a HR consultant. HRM & PEOPLE MANAGEMENT VALUES: Armstrong (2000) argues that personnel practioners are often confused when asked about the difference between HRM and personnel management. According to Storey (1995) HRM is said to be fundamentally unitarist. This makes the management at Lynmouth more HR than personnel, as although the union’s membership levels were low and their influence was weak, they were recognised by management in respect of white-collar staff. Also teamworking was introduced with the cooperation of the plant’s trade union, and they were asked to recommend the number of posts required for the new line that was to open in 2000. This shows that the management did consider the unions before reaching a decision. The climate of employee relations could be characterized as suspicious and mistrustful, indicating to a model of personnel management (Sisson 1994). In HRM, rules, procedures and contracts are an obstruction to effective performances and there is an emphasis on strategy and devolved responsibility to line management (Storey 1996). At Lynemouth, there were rules and guidelines set for the team leaders and employee’s worked according to shifts, and pay was not performance related. Read more:  Personnel vs Human Resources Although these values point towards personnel management (Sisson 1994), Lynemouth also inculcates HRM values. Despite each plant having specialist staff that kept the plant within its operating limits, team leaders worked as line managers (Storey 1996) and were responsible for the coordination and scheduling of work. Also there are few job categories and teamwork is preferred to division of labour (Storey 1995). There is a great deal of task flexibility (Sisson 1994) in the teams, and in 2000 they were given greater autonomy. Boxall & Purcell (2003) states that HRM can be interpreted as having a ‘soft’ developmental humanist approach or a ‘hard’ situational contingent approach. The soft version emphasizes a people-centred approach to HRM, whereas the hard version emphasizes a resource-based approach (Thornhill & Saunders 1998). Although the organisation appears to be soft with the implementation of teams, they can be viewed as being hard economically, as the organisation aims were resource focused, there appeared to be low trust between employees, and there was also functional flexibility within the teams (Kane et al. 1999). Responsibility for hiring new staff, and for assessing applications for internal transfers, were devolved to shop-floor workers, thus making them more flexible. A hard approach is often seen as an essential part of cost-minimization strategy (Kane et al. 1999), which appears to be the situation at Lynemouth. TEAM EFFECTIVENSS & THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION: A team is a work group or a unit with a common purpose through which members develop mutual relationships for the achievement of goals/tasks (Harris & Harris 1996). Vyakarnam et al (1999) states that a number of studies have confirmed that successful ventures are often established by teams rather than a single person, and the core competence of a successful team is to build and manage relationships around a common vision. The management team at Lynemouth haven’t clearly described the team goals or each individual’s specific task. It is essential that the first step in creating a team is to define the goal or goals that create the direction for the new group (Twomey & Kleiner 1996; Arroba 1996). Harris & Harris (1996) explain that teams are successful and effective when they overcome difficulties, achieved through interdependence. Teams also promote a sense of confidence and direction among the team members and helps becoming more flexible in nature (Arroba 1996). Among shop-floor workers at Lynemouth with regard to satisfaction and commitment, there was a greater sense of autonomy and participation. With regard to work organisation, there was an increase in multi-skilling, and there were clear examples of improved flexibility. For example, team members would work a crane as required, rather than waiting for a dedicated crane driver. The major difference between successful teamwork and unsuccessful teamwork is largely based upon team members sharing common goals and working together to achieve them (Tarricone & Luca 2002). They also state that ineffective communication, lack of resources and lack of trust are the key attributes that hinder the effectiveness of a team. At Lynemouth, the workers were clear that the divide between manager and worker was as sharp as ever and that the enforcement of discipline was not part of the team’s duties. There appeared to be low trust between them, and also communication with regard to specific tasks seems to be lacking. It is also advisable to establish a sense of urgency so that the teams don’t get complacent (Twomey & Kleiner 1996). Ritchie & Martin (2001) states that money and tangible rewards, the physical conditions and the structure are the three key factors motivating people in a working environment. Although teamwork was favourable from a shop-floor point of view, middle managers and technical staff had reservations about teamwork, feeling undervalued and lacking determination. Macaulay & Cook (2001) states that rewards and recognition processes help to focus attention on priorities, thus motivating individuals. Group leaders felt that the work they were being given was not sufficiently demanding, and technical staff felt that that their job territory was under threat. There seems to be a need for rules and guidelines in the work place, for direction and certainty (Ritchie & Martin 2001). Thompson (2004) concludes that people could be motivated further and made more effective if they were given appropriate encouragement and attention. COMMUNICATION & CULTURE: According to Connolly (1996) communication is a critical issue and everyone wants better communication within their team, between teams and across their organization. Employee communication should play a strategic role in an organization to work effectively (Barrett 2002). In the early 1990’s there was a wide perception at Lynemouth that communication was poor, and the climate of employee relations could be characterized as suspicious and mistrustful. Barrett (2002) also emphasizes that without effective employee communication, change is impossible, and in 1997 with Lynemoth’s future in doubt, the management realized the importance of communication and set about to win employee consent by reforming the communication system. With regard to this, teamwork was introduced with the cooperation of the plant’s trade unions, which encouraged further development in employee relations. However, with the success of teamwork, white-collar staff felt undervalued. Peng & Litteljohn (2001) asserts that structural arrangements may facilitate communication on the one hand, and create barriers for communication on the other. Group leaders felt that their status and authority were being eroded, and technical staff felt that their job territory was under threat, and changes were made without consulting the people involved, and there was a feeling that the appraisal system was not adequate, as the management did not seem to listen. Connolly (1996) states that to enhance communication, both the employer and the employee should realize the importance of effective communication. The author concludes by saying that perhaps the most effective ways of improving communication are also the simplest – taking the time to really notice the employees, listening to how they speak and more importantly to what they say. The management could create a system where employees are rewarded for their good work, as Storey (1995) states that the way in which employees are rewarded is central to the regulation of employment relationship. Handy (1986) states that every organization is different, and each organization has a different culture – sets of values and norms and beliefs. In 1990, many workers had been with the plant since it opened, and labour turnover was low. Majority of the workers were male, with few women being employed in clerical posts. There is a close and sometimes unclear relationship between organisational culture and it’s climate (Wallace, J et al. 1999). Although the climate of employee relations could be characterised as suspicious and mistrustful at Lynemouth, work organisation was considered to be fairly conventional. Handy (1986) argues that if organizations are to survive and meaningful jobs are to be created for all those who want to work, then both organizations and individuals will have to change the way they perceive jobs and careers. He also states that fewer, better-motivated people could create much more added value than large groups of unthinking, demotivated individuals. Lynemouth, with the introduction of teamworking could be seen as incorporating these values. However, the management at Lynemouth should create meaningful jobs for all employees. The structure of Lynemouth’s employees could be characterized under senior managers, middle managers and workers. Handy (1986) argues that organizations are not owned by anyone, but are a community of people who could be called citizens of the community rather than employees. Ogbor (2001) asserts that organisational culture should discourage dysfunctional work behaviours, and commit members of the organization to do things for and with one another that are in the best interests of the organization. LEADERSHIP QUALITIES: The American general, Dwight Eisenhower, once said that the essence of leadership is to make people do what you want them to with as much will, determination and enthusiasm as if they had decided for themselves (Popper & Zakkai 1994). Cacioppe (1997) suggests that recent reviews of the research and theories on leadership have consolidated the key areas of leadership into personality, transactional and transformational forms of leadership. He also states that honesty, inspiration, competent, fair-mindedness and supportiveness are the characteristics that people most admire in leaders, where as Tait (1996) suggests that vision, interpersonal skills, character and drive are the four attributes considered to be necessary personality traits for business leadership. Transactional leadership is based on the interplay between the leader’s guidance or direction and socio-emotional support, and the readiness or developmental level that followers exhibit on a particular task, function, or objective (Avery and Ryan 2002). The third major approach is the Transformational leadership which communicates a vision that inspires and motivates people to achieve something extraordinary (Cacioppe 1997). Transactional leadership remains highly popular among practitioners and it could be applied at Lynemouth. It appeals to managers because of its intuitive simplicity, ease of use, and perceived relevance to managerial roles (Avery and Ryan 2002). In 2000, with the end of direct supervision, management appointed team leaders from existing team members, following a formal application procedure. Team leaders were made responsible for team briefing and the coordination and scheduling of work, and they did receive an additional weekly allowance of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100. The management at Lynemouth could also try to incorporate the transformational leadership values by providing every individual and team with a vision and also motivating them, thus improving leadership effectiveness at the team levels (Cacioppe 1996). Silverthorne (2000) believes that the readiness and willingness of subordinates to perform tasks are the important aspects that contribute to a leader’s effectiveness. CONCLUSION: This assignment investigated the current HRM principles being used within the organisation. A few key points in improving the effectiveness of an organisation are effective teams, effective communication between the teams and good leadership skills. Lynemouth could improve the effectiveness of their organisation by motivating each individual, improving the communication between the employers and the management, and also by providing individual, team and organisational goals for the leaders to follow. REFERENCE: Armstrong, M 2000, ‘The name has changed but has the game remained the same?’, Journal of Employee Relations, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 576-593. Arroba, T 1996, ‘Why are common objectives so uncommon in top management teams?’, Journal of Team Performance Management, vol. 2, no. 1, pp 17-21. Avery, G.C & Ryan, J 2002, ‘Applying situational leadership in Australia’, The Journal of Management Development, vol. 21, no. 4, pp 242-262. 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